Molecular profiling & biomarkers
The step that turns a diagnosis into something specific enough to choose the right treatment — and the reason waiting for the results is worth it.
What it is
Molecular profiling reads the tumour’s biological identity: which genetic changes drive it and which proteins it expresses. It is not one test but a family of tests, performed on biopsy or surgical material.
It is the step that turns a diagnosis of “lung cancer” into something specific enough for the right treatment to be chosen.
What is examined
- Immunohistochemistry — detects proteins such as hormone receptors, HER2 or PD-L1.
- Targeted gene analysis — checks specific genes of known therapeutic relevance.
- Broad genomic profiling (NGS) — examines dozens or hundreds of genes at once, particularly useful when the obvious targets have been excluded.
- Liquid biopsy — detects tumour DNA in the blood; useful when tissue is insufficient or when retesting is needed without a further invasive biopsy.
Why it matters
Molecular profiling does not merely add information — it changes decisions. It determines whether a targeted drug or immunotherapy is given, whether chemotherapy is needed, and in some cases whether genetic counselling for the family is warranted.
This is why the adequacy of the biopsy sample matters practically. A biopsy sufficient for diagnosis but not for full profiling can cost a treatment option — and it is something considered from the outset.
What to expect
Testing is done on material already taken, so it usually requires no further procedure. Results typically take one to three weeks, depending on how broad the analysis is.
That wait is often the hardest part. It is time well spent, though: a decision based on complete information is nearly always better than a fast one.
How the treatment is chosen
None of these treatments is “better” than the others in the abstract. The choice comes from the biology of the specific tumour, the stage, previous treatment, other conditions and — not least — what matters to you.
You will be told why this treatment is proposed rather than another, what it is expected to achieve, and what it will mean in practice for your daily life. If something is unclear, asking is always welcome — and so is a second opinion.
Biomarkers tested
Molecular and immunohistochemical characterisation is done before treatment is chosen, so the decision rests on this particular tumour’s biology.
Frequently asked questions
Is tumour profiling the same as genetic testing?
No. Molecular profiling looks at changes within the tumour itself, which are not inherited. Genetic (germline) testing looks at the DNA you were born with and concerns your relatives too.
If no target is found, what does that mean?
It means the best option is a different one from those available — not that there is no treatment. Testing can also be repeated later, as new targets are added over time.
vgraphics.gr